Delayed crack propagation in barium titanate single crystals in humid air

Abstract

Domain witching of ferroelectrics under mechanical or electric load in vacuum or dry air has been intensively studied. However, the effects of environments on the domain switching in ferroelectrics have not been well understood. Here, we demonstrate that domain configurations in BaTiO₃single crystal under sustained load can be significantly affected by the humidity due to the decrease in surface energy and electrostatic energy upon adsorption of polar water molecules. Consequently, the crack propagation behaviors of the ferroelectrics under sustained load can be remarkably altered.