http://hdl.handle.net/10397/47 Search the Channel search http://repository.lib.polyu.edu.hk/jspui/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/10397/5679 Title: 中國社會工作專業化的發展過程研究 : 國家、社會與學術的多元互動 (1978-2006) = A study of the professionalization process of social work in the Chinese mainland : interaction of the state, the society and the academic community (1978-2006)<br/><br/>Authors: Wang, Ying (王嬰)<br/><br/>Abstract: 我的研究是一項有關中國在1978年到2006年期間社會工作專業化發展過程 的研究，主要探討了這一期間中國社會工作專業化發展過程的階段和特徵'以及 "國家" 、"學術" 和 "社會" 的多元互動關係。 我的研究以歷史社會學的視角，以 "社會工作專業化過程" 和 "國家、社會 和學術的張力和多元互動" 兩大概念體系構建了一個研究框架。"社會工作專業 化過程及其發展階段" 的概念體系包含國際社會工作發展的 "前專業化階段" 和 "專業化階段" 的文獻研究與理論解釋，以及對辨認專業社會工作的標準的理 論解釋和使用，以及在我的研究中的操作性定義。"國家、學術和社會的多元互 動" 的概念體系包括了 "國家" 、"社會" 和 "學術" 的學術性解釋以及在的 研究中的操作性定義。 接著，我的研究以歷史社會學的視角並採取了 "過程一事件" 的研究方法， 以關鍵事件為依據，將1978 年到2006年的社會工作發展過程劃分為三個時段 (即1978 -1988， 1989 - 1998 , 及1999 -2006) ，並對過程中五個主要的 "關鍵事 件" 進行了 深入的研究，即: (1)馬甸會議; (2)政府行政主導下的 "專業組 織" 一中國社會工作(者)協會的成立及其非專業的運作; (3)社會工作專業 教育在國際力量的動下形成了面向國際通則發展為主，疏離於國家和社會的 "獨 善其身" 的路徑; (4)社會工作專業教育爆發性增長引出反省及行業自律; (5)地 方性專業社會工作發展的成功經驗以及 "國家" 和 "學術" 聯手促使 "職業水準評價" 的國家制度出臺。; 我主要以 "過程一事件" 的方法，因繞著上述三個時段中的五個事件，收集 了相關的歷史文獻，包含政府有關部門的正式丈件、研討會的論文集、關鍵人物 的論文、研究報告和回憶錄、以及34位歷史進程的參與者和觀察者的口述。用 各種資料相互佐證的方式，梳理出歷史進程中的發展軌跡，盡可能地還原其歷史 面貌。以按時序、分階段的 "過程一事件" 描述方式，呈現了中國社會工作專業 化的發展過程。 研究發現:中國社會工作專業化從1978年到2006年的發展過程是一個 "國家" 的 "強勢主導" 和 "學術" 、"社會" 的 "習慣性順從" 的互動過程，這個 過程充滿了中國式的 "非協調" 的發展特徵，並仍然處於 "前專業化階段" "前專業化階段" 的 "非協調" 包括: (1)專業教育發展的非協調一一包括社會 工作發展的理論準備不足， 與社會福利制度安排之間不協調，與社會工作發展之 間不協調; (2)專業組織發展的非協調一一包括沒有專業人員的專業組織，專業 組織的行政化取向，與社會工作實務發展的不協調; (3)職業化發展的非協調一一 包括中國社會職業發展不足， 社會工作沒有被當作一個職業來發展; (4)生存環 境的非協調一包括轉型時期專業服務需求不足，意識形態造成的障礙，社工專 業畢業生無用武之地。 研究進一步發現，中國社會工作發展的上述特徵，是政府把發展社會工作視 為增強 "軟權力" 的手段，強勢主導向原有制度模式中硬性最入專業社會工作的 結果。強勢的 "國家" 主導著一切發展進程，而在社會工作專業化發展過程中的 學術發展和社會工作教育是被動參與並服從安排的。"中國式" 發展過程顯然是 一個不同於一般國際經驗的社會工作專業化的發展路徑。因此，中國式 "前專業 化階段" 與國際經驗也大相徑庭。 不過，在我的研究時期(1978-2006 年)以後， 中國政府強化了構建和諧 社會的主流意識，並在發展空間上開始作出讓渡，使 "學術" 和 "社會" 在專業 社會工作的國家制度、教育體系和實務領域等方面有了更多的參與發展的機會和 主動性。可以認為: 中國社會工作專業化進程正處在一個從不協調逐漸走向協調 的過程中。; The central issue of this dissertation is the professionalization process of social work in the Chinese mainland during the period 1978-2006. The study endeavours to explore and analyze the salient features of this development in different stages in terms of the interaction between the“State"， the“society"， and the “academic community". Using the “historical sociology" approach as research methodology， this study discloses the dynamics that have enhanced the growth of the social work profession through the interaction among the “State", the “society" and the “academic community". The analytic framework of thisstudy is constructed by the dynamic interplay between two sets of concept systems:“the historical development of the social work profession in stages" and “the tension and interaction among different agents (the State， the society and the academic community) during the process". The first set of concept system refers to the historical development of the social work profession and the evolvement of concepts， standards and practice during the development process; while the second set of concept system refers to the descriptions of these agents and the multi-faceted roles that they have played in the dynamic interaction process. Adopting the “historical sociology" approach and using the method of “process-event" analysis， the study endeavours to describe how social work in the Chinese mainland had gradually evolved into a profession. Using some critical historical events as my foci for study， 1 have divided the developmental process into three stages: 1978-1988， 1989-1998， and 1999-2006. These critical historical events include: 1) the Madian Meeting， which marked the beginning of theinvolvement of the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) in the professionalization process of social work; 2) the establishment of the China Association of Social Workers (CASW) and its unprofessional approach in its operations; 3) the development of social work education in the Chinese mainland as a relatively isolated system through active promotion by the international social work community; 4) the phenomenal growth of social work education in the country and thesubsequent self-ref1ection and self-disciplinary actions taken; and 5) the successful development of social work professional practices in local regions and the joint effort of the State and theacademic community in facilitating the pronouncement of the national policy on “assessment of professional standards" in the country.; In my thesis, I have used the “process-event" approach to collect data around the above five critical events. The data collected include: historical literature, govemment documents, conference and seminar proceedings, papers written by key stakeholders, research reports and memoirs, and oral history testimonies of 34 significant persons who have participated in the historical development process. Through critical analysis and triangulation of different sources of data, I have tried to identify the trajectory of the development of social work in the Chinese mainland andhave categorized them into different stages of development in a way that can reflect the actual historical process asfar as possible.Through the above mentioned historical review， 1 have discovered that the professionalization of social work in the Chinese mainland during the period 1978 to 2006 was the result of the dynamic interaction between a “strong State" and the “habitual submission" of the “academiccommunity" and “society". I have also found that this process was characterized by“disconnectedness" and that the social work profession in the Chinese mainland was still situated at a “pre-professional" stage of development. The “disconnectedness" was reflected in the following aspects: 1) Disconnectedness between the development of social work education and developments in social work theories, social welfare policies and social work development; 2)Disconnectedness between the development of professional associations, the professionaloperation of these bodies, and professional practices in the field; 3) Disconnectedness between the professionalization process and the public recognition and status of the profession; and 4) Disconnectedness between the development environment of the profession and the demand for professional services and availability of career development systems and opportunities.The study also discovers that the development of the social work profession in the Chinese mainland was closely correlated with the Govemment's intention to use social work as a means to enhance the “soft power" in the country and to employ intrusive interventions to“embed" social work into the State's existing systems. The State has played a strong leadership role in directingthe development process of social work in the Chinese mainland， and the academia and social work sectors had played a submissive role in the process. The “Chinese style" of the development process of the social work profession was obviously unparalleled and drastically different from that of its international counterparts. However， it must be mentioned that immediately after the period of my research study (1978 to 2006), the Chinese Government has strengthened its determination to construct a harmonioussociety in the country and has given much greater allowance and space for the profession to develop. This has enabled the “academic community" and the “society" to take up a more active role in the development of national policies， education systems and professional practices. In viewof such developments, 1 have confidence to assert that the professionalization process of social work is moving from a state of “disconnectedness" towards a greater degree of“connectedness" .<br/><br/>Description: 4, iii, 211, xv p. : ill. ; 30 cm.; PolyU Library Call No.: [THS] LG51 .H577P APSS 2012 Wang http://hdl.handle.net/10397/5678 Title: 中国社会的人际信任 : 概念、影响因素和形成机制 = Interpersonal trust in Chinese society: fabric, factors and mechanism<br/><br/>Authors: Ge, Zhongming (葛忠明)<br/><br/>Abstract: 本报告的主题是描述并解释中国社会中的人际信任。本报告的第一章介绍了人际 信任这一研究主题的缘起、研究的具体内容、理论与现实意义；与人际信任这一 主题相关的一些概念，在这一章中做出了详细的界定和说明。第二章主要的工作 是在文献回顾的基础上，形成和发展本研究的解释框架。在对信任研究的理性主 义、文化/制度取向及 "权当" 取向的研究文献进行了充分的梳理和对话之后， 本报告建立了基于 "实践感" 的信任研究解释框架。第三章主要介绍了 "长度访谈" 作为本研究的方法，就为什么选择质性研究、为什么选择长度访谈的质性研 究方法、长度访谈的步骤和内容，以及该研究方法可能存在的局限等问题，进行 了充分的论证。第四章是一个描述性章节，该章呈现了我的受访人对理想的人际 信任的感知，及其对当下中国现实生活中人际信任现状的解读有限的人际信 任及其 "犬儒主义" 的极端化发展在第四章中有整体的呈现。第五、六、七章是 解释性章节；其中第五章呈现了中国社会特有的 "默会二元的行动体制" 如何影 响了人际信任；第六章呈现了 "运动会"，尤其是 "反右" 和 "文革" 如何强化 了 "默会二元的行动体制"，并影响了人际信任；第七章呈现了 "改革开放" 如 何透过 "默会二元的行动体制" 形成了消极的社会后果，并对人际信任产生了负 面的影响。第八章是结论和讨论部分；本章主要总结了本研究的主要发现，检讨 了本研究存在的限制，讨论了本研究对个人、群体和国家可能产生的影响，并就 未来信任研究、理论的发展，提出了一些粗浅的建议。; The main topic of this thesis is to describe and analyse the interpersonal trust in the Chinese society. In the first chapter of the thesis, the background of the research, more detailed research questions, the theoretical and practical significance of the research are discussed, and relevant concepts are clarified. In the second chapter of the thesis, a thorough literature review is conducted, on which an analytical framework of the research is developed. That is to say, the Rational Approach, the Cultural and Institutional Approach and the As-if Approach are all critically reviewed, and the analytical framework of this research, i.e., a Practice-sense based theoreticalframe is well developed in this section. In the third chapter of the thesis, the LongInterview as the Methodology of the research is discussed in detail, and questionssuch as why pick up qualitative research methodology and why choose the LongInterview as the method of the research are answered, and the technical skills of themethodology are introduced. The Fourth chapter of the thesis is a descriptive one, and the perceptions of my interviewees on the ideal interpersonal trust in China are represented, and their understandings of the reality of the interpersonal trust in the Chinese society are described, too. According to my interviewees, the interpersonal trust in China today is highly limited, and its extreme outcome, i.e., a cynical version of the interpersonal trust is witnessed in China. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 are explanatory ones, and in Chapter 5, a Tacit but Dualist Mechanism of everyday practice in the Chinese society is introduced and it is indicated that this mechanism has a highly negative influence on the interpersonal trust; and in Chapter 6, the political games, that is, the Anti-right Movement and the Great Culture Revolution in particular, are re-examined and the ways how these political games reinforced a Tacit but Dualist Mechanism are discussed, and causal relationship between the political games and the limited, or even the cynical version of, interpersonal trust is represented; and inChapter 7, the Reform and Open-door Policy, and especially the Tacit but DualistMechanism by which the Reform and Open-door Policy was carried out, are historically re-examined, and its negative social effect, namely a so called malfunctioning society and its impact on the interpersonal trust are analyzed and represented. Chapter 8 is the final section of the thesis, and the main findings and the possible limitations of the research are introduced, and the significance of the research to individuals, group and the community as a whole is discussed, and shallow suggestions of what and how to do further studies in the trust field are provided.<br/><br/>Description: [5], 264 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.; PolyU Library Call No.: [THS] LG51 .H577P APSS 2012 Ge http://hdl.handle.net/10397/5677 Title: 中國社會工作實習督導模式的發展 : 以山東濟南為例 = Development of a supervision model of social work practicum in Mainland China :with Jinan Shandong as an example<br/><br/>Authors: Zhang, Hongying ( 張洪英)<br/><br/>Abstract: 本研究根據中國社會工作實習督導中存在的問題以及中國社會工作人才隊伍建設的需要、根據中國社會工作實習督導模式的研究對中國社會工作實習督導理論知識體系的建構以及社會工作實習督導實踐的意義、根據過往研究缺失的狀況等背景，提出了中國社會工作實習督導模式發展的研究主題。本研究運用建構主義的概念作為研究的視角，採用質性研究中長度訪談的方法作為研究方法，以中國山東省濟南市8所高校社會工作專業的9位實習督導教師、8位實習機構的機構督導者以及9位實習學生作為訪談對象，對中國社會工作實習督導的價值、目標、過程、內容、方式、角色、關係、權威和矛盾以及影響中國社會工作實習督導的脈絡因素進行了探討，最終發展了多元動態脈絡取向的中國社會工作實習督導的模式。另外，本研究也發現，影響中國社會工作實習督導的脈絡是一個"多重多元的富有生命的脈絡體系。該體系包括個體脈絡、機構脈絡、社會大環境和國家政策制度脈絡、國際專業話語脈絡等多重脈絡；包括物理場域脈絡、人文場域脈絡、文化脈絡及知識體系脈絡等多元脈絡。本研究的貢獻在於填補了中國社會工作實習督導研究的空白，並為未來中國社會工作的實習督導研究奠定了基礎；同時，期望這個研究能為中國當下和未來的社會工作實習督導提供一定的啟發。未來的研究應該著重應然面的社會工作實習督導研究、比較研究和更深入的對於社會工作實習督導模式各個構成元素的研究。; A myriad of problems has surfaced in supervision on social workpracticum in Mainland China, from which a greater need of buildingteams of social work talents derives. This dissertation seeks toaddress the development of a supervision model of social workpracticum in Mainland China. Although various developments havebeen made and theories have come up, collectively speaking, thereis still a dearth of research on the significance of supervision onsocial work practicum. With the concept of social constructionism as the cornerstone, the researcher model as proposed adopts the long interview method,falling under the umbrella of qualitative research. The researchercarried out interviews with nine college supervisors, eight agencysupervisors on social work practicum and nine supervisees whowere undergraduate students in social work programmes from eightuniversities in Jinan, Shandong. This research probes into the values,goals, process, roles, relationship, authority, contradictions and theinfluencing contextual factors of social work practicum supervisionin Mainland China. Based on the findings, the researcher develops a dynamically and contextually-oriented supervision model of social work practicum in Mainland China.; This research discovers that the context influencing the socialwork practicum supervision in Mainland China is a “multi-layered,multi-faceted and a vigorous contextual system”. The model isrelational and contextual, various contexts to which the modelrelates include: the individual context, the institutional context, thecontext of society at large and national policies, and the context ofinternational professional discourse, the physical field context,human field context and the context of knowledge. The contribution of this research lies in the fact that it fills one of the growing gaps in the study of social work practicum supervision and lays a foundation for future studies. Meanwhile, it is hoped thatthe proposed localized model will provide certain inspiration forpresent and future social work practice supervisors in MainlandChina. According to this research, future studies should focus moreon the “ought-to-be” aspects of social work practicum supervision,comparative studies and in-depth study of each of the factorsexplored in this model.<br/><br/>Description: xix, 339 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.; PolyU Library Call No.: [THS] LG51 .H577P APSS 2012 Zhang http://hdl.handle.net/10397/5504 Title: Activism beyond borders : the study of trans-border anti-sweatshop campaigns across Hong Kong and mainland China<br/><br/>Authors: Xu, Yi<br/><br/>Abstract: China's economic reform since the late 1970s and the expansion of global capitalism have turned the country into the biggest "world factory", as well as the biggest "sweatshop". In global supply chains, Chinese workers, particularly migrant workers, suffer poor working conditions and a lack of labor protection. Countering "hegemonic globalization", activists and transnational NGOs participate in a variety of labor rights activism. This thesis looks into trans-border pro-labor activism across the border between Hong Kong and Mainland China, with a specific focus on anti-sweatshop campaigns. A multi-sited ethnographic method is used to document six anti-sweatshop campaigns to strive for better working conditions and fairer labor practices. Using these cases, this study examines the mechanisms and processes of trans-border anti-sweatshop campaigns and networks involving NGOs, student groups, and workers. The study also analyzes how the mechanisms work at a micro level and to what extent they are effective. The author argues that anti-sweatshop activism in Greater China has experienced several evolving patterns from marketplace/consumer-centered to producing-sites-centered, and has moved domestic actors (including workers, students, scholars, media and consumers) "from the margin to the center". Such shifting patterns have catalyzed the formation of a "Mainland-Hong Kong-global" anti-sweatshop network to further address China's labor issues. Trans-border anti-sweatshop activism faces many obstacles such as limited political opportunities and restricted capacity in mobilizing the mass participation of domestic actors. The author further suggests that the potential of such activism lies in the possibilities to build deeper solidarity with workers and to form greater unity with other pro-labor actors and resources.<br/><br/>Description: vi, 216 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.; PolyU Library Call No.: [THS] LG51 .H577P APSS 2012 Xu